华南地区太阳能资源评估与开发潜力

Assessment of Solar Energy Resource and Its Exploitation Potential in South China

利用华南地区观测站1981—2010年的总曝辐量数据及日照时数数据,对该地区太阳能资源的丰富程度和稳定程度进行评估。结果表明:华南地区总体太阳能资源价值呈现为海南最高,广东其次,广西最低。华南地区最佳倾斜面太阳总辐射年曝辐量为1291 kW·h·m^(-2),比水平面高3%,总体处于资源丰富等级以上。稳定度评估结果表明:华南地区大部分面积处于稳定等级以上,其中海南2/3以上的面积处于很稳定的等级。结合地形数据和土地覆盖数据,分别以90 m×90 m和1 km×1 km的分辨率对华南地区太阳能资源的开发适宜性进行区划和可利用潜力进行分析,结果显示:90 m×90 m分辨率下可开发利用的Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ类地区的面积占华南地区总面积的80%以上,但其中裸地和灌木、草地仅占总面积的13.9%,而耕地和林地所占面积比例超过60%。受数据分辨率及获取年代差异的影响,1 km×1 km分辨率下太阳能开发适宜性区划结果与90 m×90 m分辨率的结果不尽相同,从而导致开发潜力也存在较大差异,在制定太阳能开发规划时应根据实际工程规模选择合理的数据。

Based on the exposure radiation data and sunshine hourly data of 156 standard meteorological observa- tories in south China during 1981-2010, temporal and spatial distribution of solar energy resource in south China is evaluated. Results show that the annual irradiation on optimal inclined plane is 1291 kW · h · m^-2, 3% higher than that on the horizontal plane. The distribution of solar energy in Guangxi and Guangdong increases as the latitude decreases, whereas it appears as high in the west and low in the east of Hainan. The stability of solar energy resource in most area of south China is at stable level except the east ern Guangxi and the northwest corner of Guangdong. Hainan＇s solar energy resource stability is the highest： Larger than 2/3 of its area is at very stable level and only a few parts of eastern Hainan is at stable level. Combined with terrain data and land cover data, the exploitation suitability and potential usability of solar energy resource in south China are divided and analyzed with the resolution of 90 m × 90 m and 1 km×1 km. Under the resolution of 90 m× 90 m, solar energy exploitation suitability zoning results show that the area of class I , lI and I]I account for more than 80% of the total area in south China （occu- pying 22.1%, 32.4%, 26. 7%, respectively）, and their proportions of solar energy are slightly higher than their proportions of area. Solar energy exploitation potential results show that bare land and shrub- grass area accounts for only 13. 9% of the total area in I , H and HI classes. While cultivated land （34.8%） and forest land （29.2%） are the largest two land cover types in these three usable regions. In the actual exploitation and application project, besides to give priority to using bare land and shrub-grass area, cultivated land and forest land should not be abandoned directly. Under the principle of no changing land use properties of cultivated land and forest land and no sacrificing the vegetation coverage, solar ener- gy resource should be rationally exploited in these areas. Suitability zoning results derived from data with 1 km× 1 km resolution are not the same with that using data with 90 m× 90 m resolution, then make sta- tistical results of exploitation potential different. Results mainly affected by the difference of the resolution of terrain data and the acquisition time of land cover data. While making solar energy development plan, reasonable data should be chosen according to the size of actual project.