菜地土壤氮素迁移转化研究进展

Research progress on transfer and transformation of soil nitrogen in vegetable field

农业面源污染已成为我国环境污染的重要组成部分,对我国农业生产和生态环境安全带来了较大风险。农田氮素随地表径流流失和地下淋溶是引起日益突出的农业面源污染的主要因素之一。氮素养分是影响蔬菜产量的重要因子,为追求经济效益,菜地氮肥投入量大,过量施肥造成的氮素污染问题日趋严重。笔者综述了菜地氮素迁移转化研究现状,探讨了菜地施肥、地表径流、地下淋溶、氨挥发等菜地土壤氮素迁移和转化途径,分析了土壤中氮素矿化、硝化和反硝化过程,并对今后研究方向进行了展望。

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become an important part of environmental pollution in our country, and posing a major threat to agricultural production and ecological environment security. Nitrogen losses by surface runoff and leach from croplands have been one of the major sources of the agricultural non-point source pollution. Nitrogen was a critical limiting nutrient that increases vegetable production. The pursuit of economic efficiency, excessive nitrogen fertilizer caused nitrogen pollution becomes worse and worse. In this paper, the research status of transfer and transformation of soil nitrogen were summarized. We also discussed the processes of soil nitrogen transfer and transformation, including fertilization, runoff, leaching, NH3 volatilization and so on. The process of mineralization, nitrification and denitrifieation in soil was analyzed. The research direction in the future was prospected.