垂序商陆种子油与根皂苷微波辅助提取工艺及种子油理化性质与根皂苷杀虫活性研究

Microwave Assisted Extraction of Seed oil and Root Saponin from Phytolacca americana and Their Physicochemical Properties as well as Insecticidal Activity

为更好地开发利用垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana L.),本文关注了垂序商陆种子油与根皂苷的微波辅助提取工艺,及种子油理化性质与根皂苷对农业害虫的灭杀效果。结果发现:(1)垂序商陆种子油的微波辅助最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶10(g/m L),微波时间70 min,微波功率300 W,微波温度50℃,种子油得率26.8%;(2)根中皂苷最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25,微波时间80 min,微波功率500 W,微波温度70℃,根皂苷得率3.22%;(3)垂序商陆种子油密度、折光值、碘值、酸值、过氧化值、皂化值分别为0.887 g/m L、1.542 n_D^(20)、138.6 g I2/100g、0.89 mg KOH/g、28.25 meq/kg与185.7 mg KOH/g;(4)根皂苷对供试害虫小菜蛾具明显杀虫活性,小菜蛾死亡率随处理时间增加呈递增趋势,至第4 d时达84.4%。结果表明,微波在垂序商陆种子油与根皂苷提取中可起到很好的辅助效果,二者在粮油安全或生物农药领域具有较好的开发潜能。

Microwave assisted extraction process of seed oil and root saponin of Phytolacca americana, the physicochemical properties of seed oil and insecticidal activity of root saponin were investigated in the present study for a better development and utilization of P. americana. Results showed that, （ 1 ） the optimal microwave assisted extraction process of seed oil were solid-liquid ratio of 1：10 （g/mL）, microwave time of 70 min, microwave power of 300 W, microwave temperature of 50 ~C ,the maximum extraction rate of seed oil was 26.8% under the optimal conditions. （2） the optimal extraction process of root saponin were solid-liquid ratio of 1 ： 25 （g/mL） , microwave time of 80 rain, microwave power of 500 W ,microwave temperature of 70℃ , the maximum extraction rate reached 26.8%. （3）physicochemical properties including density, dioptre, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value were 0. 887 g/mL, 1. 542 nD^20 , 138.6 g 12/100 g,0.89 mg KOH/g,28.25 meq/kg 与 185.7 mg KOH/g ,respectively. （4） root saponins had an obvious insecticidal activity to the tested pests of Plutella xylostella, the mortality rate increased with the extension of treating time and reached to 84.4% in the fourth day. The results indicated that, seed oil and root saponins of P. americana can be extracted efficiently by microwave assisting, they have a great development potential in the field of grain and oil security and biological pesticide.