美国联邦政府数据治理:政策与结构

Data Governance of US Federal Government: Policy and Structure

数据已经成为当今社会的核心资源,政府数据开放与共享促进了数据及其技术在国家治理中的广泛应用,数据治理成为大数据时代政府面临的重要任务。本文基于一个中观和开放的研究视角,从政策和机构两个维度入手,对美国联邦政府数据治理的主要领域,即数据开放、信息公开(自由)、个人隐私保护、电子政务、信息安全和信息资源管理等治理结构及政策体系进行深入的考察。研究发现,经过多年发展,美国政府形成了一整套数据(信息)资源存储、保护、利用和开放的治理政策体系和以直接服务于总统的行政部门为核心机构的治理结构,正在起步中的中国政府数据治理可以从中借鉴。

Data has become one of the core resources of human society nowadays. Governmental open and sharing big data has promoted the deep application of the data and its technology in national governance, and government data governance has become an important task in the era of Big Data. With a meso-level and open perspective based on the dimensions of policy and agency, this paper studies the structure and its policy origins of data governance of the US federal government, including respectively Open Data, Information Freedom, Privacy Protection, E-government, Information Security and Information Resource Management. U.S. government has formed a set of policies of storage, protection, utilization and openness of data or information resources and a governance structure with the core agency which directly serves the president. The Chinese government data governance in the starting phrase may learn from the conclusion of this paper.