大型CBTC系统的安全信心的获得

Achieving the Safety Confidence of Large Scale CBTC System

基于通信的列车控制（CBTC）系统,依照自动列车保护和自动列车运行功能对轨旁设备和列车实现最大程度的自动控制,从而避免人为操作错误导致的事故。由于其应用领域——公共交通运输的非常自然的特性,所以CBTC系统是对安全非常苛求的系统,同时又是一个由不同供应商提供的繁杂设备组成的巨大复杂工程。开发CBTC系统需要涉及多领域的技术,还需应对不同设备之间众多的接口、安全苛求设备之间应用条件的冲突以及自然的安全苛求特性等挑战。基于泰雷兹寻求CTBC系统安全信心的经验,介绍了CBTC系统的复杂性;分析了供应商们如何通过系统化的安全工程方法、安全设计技术以及安全保证的实践,来防止在开发过程中由于人为的错误把危害引入CBTC系统中;探讨了供应商在构建真正安全信心中所承担的责任。此外,还探讨了供应商如何将CBTC系统的安全信心传递给项目客户,供应商如何与客户以及可能的独立安全评估机构之间进行沟通与合作。

The communications based train control （CB＇IC） signaling is considered as a modern technology in mass tran- sit domain, it requires advanced electronics and data com- munication networks for supporting. CBTC system offers the maximum automatic control on traekside devices and trains by providing automatic train protection and operation functions, preventing human operators＇ errors from resul- ting in accidents. Due to the very natural attributes of the application in mass transit domain, CBTC is a safety - criti- cal system, quite large in scale and complicated for engi- neering regarding many devices provided by different sup- pliers. The development of CBTC system needs knowledge from multiple technology domains and faces numerous chal- lenges in managing various interfaces between different de- vices, conflicting safety application conditions between safety- critical devices, and challenges from natural safetycritical characteristics. In this paper, based on Thales expe- riences in achieving safety confidence of CBTC signaling system, the fact of complexity and suppliers~ responsibili- ties for building up real safety confidence through systemat- ic safety engineering efforts, safety design techniques and security practices to prevent human errors from contribu- ting hazards to CBTC system during development, is dis- cussed. Furthermore, approaches to delivering the safety confidence of CBTC system to the customer on a project are discussed, including the communication and cooperation between suppliers, customers and the possible independent safety assessors from external organizations.