植物激素的发现

The Discovery of Plant Hormones

植物激素是一类调控植物生长发布进程的物质。“汁液”是其最旱、最原始的概念。对植物向光性的研究发现了生长素,1934年柯甲等人分离出吲哚乙酸。生长素的发现促进了组织培养技术的发展,组织培养技术发展的需要导致了细胞分裂素的发现。对水稻“恶苗病”的研究发现了亦霉素,对植物的成熟、衰老、脱落的研究又发现了脱落酸和乙烯。虽然几类激素对植物的生理作用早已发现,但由于它们在高等植物体内含量甚微,难以分离提纯。直到本世纪五十、六十年代化学分析技术特别是层析技术日臻完善后,亦霉素,细胞分裂素,脱落酸、乙烯才先后从高等植物休内提纯分离出来。

Plant hormones are substances which can dispatch and control procsses of plant growth and development. Organ-forming substances is the earliest and original name. The study of phototropism led to the discovery of auxins. In 1934 indoleacetic acid (IAA) was isolated by kogl, F, etc. The discovery of auxins promoted the development of tissue culture skills. The requiments of the developmtnts of tissue culture led to the discovery of cytokinins. The study of the "foolish seedling" disease of rice led to the discovery of gibberellins. The study of the ripe, Senssence and abscission led to the discovery of abscisic acid and ethylene. Though sereral plant hormones’ physiological effects have been known for a long time. It is difficult to isolate and puri/y them jron higher plants,because the content in higher plants is very low,Gibberellins, Cytokinins abscisic acid and ethlene were not isolated and purified constantly until the1950’s-60’s, because chemical analysis skills such as chromatography werebeing perfected,