川东北山区留守儿童心理健康状况调查研究——基于四川省平昌县数据

采取整群随机抽样法对平昌县44个乡镇的75所中小学进行调查,采用MHT量表,对全县乡镇中小学留守儿童与和留守儿童的心理健康情况进行比较分析研究。研究结果显示:中小学阶段的儿童正处于身体和心理发育的关键期,父母外出务工所导致的家庭非完整性和父母与子女之间亲情关系的非延续性,使得留守儿童无法享受到应有的关爱和指导,这对孩子的心理成长产生了负面影响,留守儿童的身心健康状况明显不如非留守儿童;留守儿童与非留守儿童相比存在更加强烈的孤独倾向、过敏性倾向等;双亲外出留守儿童和母亲外出留守儿童的心理健康状况明显低于非留守儿童,父亲外出留守儿童的心理健康状况与非留守儿童的心理健康状况无明显差异;母外留守儿童的心理健康状况和父外留守儿童的心理健康状况无明显差异;留守女童的心理健康状况明显低于留守男童的心理健康状况。最后,分别从社会、家庭及学校教育三个方面提出相应的建议。

75 primary and secondary schools in Pingchang county were randomly sampled by cluster sampling. The MHT scale was used to analyze the health status of the left-behind children. The research results include the following aspects .firstly, the period of primary and secondary schools is critical for children＇s physical and mental development,and because of the family＇s non-continuity and the non-integrity of the relationship between parents and children caused by parent＇s migration, the left-behind children cannot enjoy the proper care and guidance which has a negative impact on children＇s psychological development and leads to that the mental health status of left-behind children is lower than non left.behind children and the left-behind children are more lonely and sensitivethan non left-behind children.secondly,the mental health status of those left-behind children whose parents or mother are working outsideis significantly lower than that of non left-behind children, and the mental health status of those left-behind children whose father are working outside has no significant difference with the mental health status of non left-behind children .Thirdly, the mental health of left- behind children whose mother are working outside has no significant difference withthe mental health status of left-behind children whose father are working outside.At last,the mental health status of left-behind girls is significantly lower than the mental health status of left-behind boys.According to the research results, this paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions from three aspects of society, family and school education.