异质性农业经营主体技术采纳行为差异化研究

The Study on the Differentiation of Technical Demand of Agricultural Operators

基于农业技术推广的视角,对异质性农业经营主体技术采纳行为的差异性及其影响因素进行了理论探讨,并利用微观调查数据进行了验证。研究表明:农业生产要素规模、结构及技能水平差异,导致异质性农业经营主体技术采纳成本、收益及风险判断的不同,使其技术内容、推广途径及推广主体选择呈现显著差异;小规模兼业农户偏好由政府推广机构通过技术人员现场指导的方式提供生产阶段的技术;家庭农场(专业大户)偏好由农资企业通过公共传媒提供与其规模经营特征相适应的技术;农民专业合作组织偏好通过组织自身的技术选择及应用满足其多元化技术需求;农业企业偏好通过经营性推广主体的多元化推广途径,获得服务其经营目标的各类技术。因此,为了提升农技推广效率和农技服务有效供给水平,应针对不同规模、不同组织化的农业经营主体制定农技精准推广方案,提高农业技术供求的匹配程度。

Based on the perspective of agricultural technology promotion, this paper discusses the difference of the adoption behavior of heterogeneous agricultural management and its influencing factors, and uses the micro survey data to verify it. The results show that the differences in the scale, structure and production skill level of agricultural production factors lead to differences in the cost, benefit and risk of heterogeneous agricultural management, and result in significant differences in technical content, propagation path and propagation operators. Small-scale farmers prefer on-site guidance by technical staff of government agency. Family farms （professional farms ） prefer the technologies obtained from public media, compatible with the advantages of scale management, which provided by agricultural production means （APM）enterprises. Farmers＇ professional co-operative organizations prefer to meet diversified technology demands by organizing own technology choices and applications. Agricultural enterprises access various technologies to serve business objectives by diversification approach that provided by commercial propagation organization. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural technology promotion and effective supply of agricultural technology, we should make precision promotion for different sizes and organizations of agricultural management operators, and to improve the matching degree of agricultural technology supply and demand.