农村养老保障支出受益归宿研究

Research on Benefit Incidence of Rural Endowment Insurance Expenditure

运用CFPS2012和2014年入户调查数据,实证研究中国农村养老保障支出的受益归宿及其影响因素。研究发现,中国农村养老保障支出的受益归宿总体上具有累进性,其支出使得中国农村的基尼系数降低了7-9个百分点。但是农村养老保障并没有向农村最低收入群体倾斜,农村中等收入群体是最大受益群体。由于农村养老保障实现自愿参保,通过进一步建立农村养老保障参与概率模型,发现影响最低收入群体参与概率的主要是家庭收入、是否务农、年龄、宗教、健康以及是否受到政府不公正对待等因素。文章最后提出农村养老保障政策需要加大对低收入群体的财政激励,改变与参保者缴费水平挂钩的财政补助政策,同时加强宣传,提振农民对养老保障政策的信心。

Using the household survey data of CFPS2012 and CFPS2014, this paper analyzes the benefit incidence of rural endowment insurance expenditure. The results find that rural endowment insurance ex- penditure is progressive. Gini coefficient in rural China has reduced by 6 to 7 percentage points by the expenditure. But the rural endowment insurance did not tilt to the lowest income groups in rural areas. Middle income group in rural is the biggest benefit group. Due to voluntary participation, establish the rural old-age security participation probability model, we find that family income, farming, age, religion, health and whether be treated unfairly by the government mainly influence the lowest income groups in the insurance coverage. In the end, this paper points out that financial incentives for low-income groups need to increase, the financial subsidy policy linked to payment level should be changed, and the relevant media should increase the publicity, in order to boost farmers＇ confidence in the old-age security policy.