地方政府竞争、土地出让与城市生产率——来自中国281个地级市的经验证据

Local Government Competition、Land Conveyance and Urban Productivity——Evidence from the Panel Data of 281 Cities above Prefecture Level in China

在分析地方政府土地出让竞争过程中的土地价格竞争、土地财政依赖与城市生产率的影响机制基础上,采用固定效应模型和系统GMM分析与检验方法对2003—2014年我国281个地级及以上城市的面板数据对土地出让竞争行为与经济发展效率的非线性影响进行了实证分析。结果表明,土地出让价格竞争与城市生产率呈现出倒U型曲线关系,说明合理的土地低价出让行为有利于促进城市生产率的提高。而土地财政依赖所导致的资源浪费与错配,抑制了城市生产率的提高。土地出让价格竞争和土地财政依赖对城市生产率的影响具有明显的差异性。因此,需要地方政府通过适当的土地低价出让价格来招商引资,并减少政府土地财政依赖,优化地方政府产业结构、引导市场竞争以及提高地方政府财政支出效率等方式来提高城市生产率。

Land conveyance is an important content of local governments in the development of economics. This paper analyzes influence mechanism of land price competition, land finance dependence competition and urban productivity in the process of land conveyance, and use panel data of 281 Chinese prefecture-level or upper-level cities in 2003- 2014 to analyze the land competition and economic development efficiency nonlinear influence which use the fixed ef- fect model and system GMM method .The results show that the land price competition presents an inverted U-shape with urban productivity, which means that reasonable land conveyance behavior is conducive to the promotion of Ur- ban productivity. However, the land finance dependence inhibits the improvement of urban productivity because of the waste of resources by excessive competition and mismatch. Further analysis on the regional level shows that the influ- ence of land price competition and land finance dependence on urban productivity has obvious difference. Therefore, the local government should use appropriate land sale price to investment and reduce land finance dependence. Be- sides, they should optimize the industrial structure, guide the market competition and improve the efficiency of the fis- cal expenditure in order to improve the urban productivity.