不同缓/控释肥对单、双季晚稻生产特性及经济效益的影响

Effect of Time-release Fertilizers on Production and Economic Efficiency of Single-and Double-planting,Late-season Rice Farming

为减少化肥用量,提高种粮经济效益,在单、双季晚稻上通过施用不同类型缓/控释肥料,研究不同缓/控释肥对水稻茎蘖动态、氮素效率、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,木质素缓释肥能显著提高成穗率,增加每穗实粒数和结实率。与常规肥料相比,单季晚稻上木质素缓释肥在氮肥用量减少56.00%情况下,产量仅减产0.89%,且高于水稻配方肥及金正大控释肥。木质素缓释肥氮肥农学效率明显高于常规施肥及金正大控释肥,虽然经济效益略低于常规施肥处理,但肥料利用率明显提高。在双季晚稻上木质素缓释肥处理氮素农学效率达23.95%,但产量和经济效益较常规施肥处理分别减少5.61%、3.49%,也低于金正大控释肥处理。综合相关产量及农艺性状的表现,木质素缓释肥在单季晚稻上施用效果较优,能有效降低成本、提高氮素利用率,有利于实现稳产,并且经济效益和生态效益显著。

Time-release fertilizers were applied on rice fields to evaluate their effects on the yield, agronomic characteristics, and over-all benefits of single- and double-planting, late rice. The results showed that, for the single-planting variety, the percentage of productive tillers on an individual plant was significantly improved, and the number of filled grains per panicle and seed setting rate increased when the lignin time-release fertilizer （F1） was used. Comparing to the conventional fertilization （F4） , F1 reduced N fertilizer usage by 56.0% with merely 0. 89% decrease on yield, which was still greater than either Kingenta Controlled-release Fertilizer （F2） or Rice Formulated Fertilizer （F3）. In addition, the N agronomic efficiency of the F1 application was also higher than that of F4 or F3. Despite the slightly lower economic return resulted from using F1 than F3, the fertilization efficiency was significantly improved. For the double-planting variety, the N agronomic efficiency was increased as high as 23.95% as well for F1 application, resulting in 5.61% and 3.49% reduction on grain yield and economic efficiency as compared to F4, respectively. F1 was also lower than Kingenta controlled-release fertilizer （F2） on grain yield and economic efficiency. It was concluded, with the experimental results, that F1 could be applied in single- planting, late-season rice cultivation to realize optimal grain yield and N utilization, as well as improvements on the economic and environmental considerations.