乙型肝炎的流行病学特点及防治措施分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Hepatitis B and Its Control Measures

目的了解乙型肝炎的流行病学特征,并探讨乙型肝炎的防治策略。方法选取2013年1月—2016年12月厦门市湖里区累计报告的500例乙型肝炎病例资料进行回顾性研究,针对乙型肝炎病例的疫情资料进行分析,对其流行病学特点进行分析总结,以了解其流行病学特征。结果 2013年1月—2016年12月,乙型肝炎的发病率逐渐降低,各月均有发病,未出现季节性高峰分布;年龄分布方面,各年龄段均有病例分布,12岁以下儿童发病率低于其他年龄段人群;乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况调查数据显示,500例乙型肝炎病例的乙肝疫苗接种率为22.60%,12岁以下儿童的乙肝疫苗接种率高于其他年龄段人群。结论乙型肝炎的发病率出现下降趋势,尤其是在12岁以下儿童中,乙肝疫苗接种计划已初见成效,应重点加强儿童的乙型肝炎疫苗接种及查漏补种,同时,还应对广大中青年开展乙肝疫苗查漏补种工作,尤其是农村劳动人口。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B, and to explore the prevention and treatment strategy of hepatitis B. Methods 500 cases of hepatitis B cases reported in Huli region in Xiamen from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The epidemiological data of hepatitis B patients were analyzed to understand its epidemiological characteristics. Results The incidence of hepatitis B decreased gradually from January 2013 to December2016, and there was no obvious seasonal distribution. The distribution of age was related to age distribution, the incidence of children under 12 years old was lower compared with other age groups; hepatitis B vaccine vaccination data showed that, hepatitis B vaccine vaccination rate was 22.60% in 500 cases of hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccination rate was higher in children under 12 years of age compared with other age groups. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis B is declining, especially in children under 12 years of age, hepatitis B vaccination program has achieved initial results, we should focus on strengthening the hepatitis B vaccination and screening of children, at the same time, hepatitis B vaccine leak repair work should be conducted among majority of young people, especially the rural labor force.