美国国家公园管理局丹佛服务中心评述及对中国的启示

Review on U.S. National Park Service Denver Service Center and Implications for China

丹佛服务中心是美国国家公园管理局的内设机构,是负责美国国家公园系统的规划、设计和建设管理的中枢部门。从介绍丹佛服务中心的基本组织机构、工作内容和技术手段入手,分析了其业务领域中以保护为根本准则、以科研为重要内容、以详细规范控制质量、以广泛合作实现共赢的特点。在简要分析中国自然保护地相关规划现状的基础上,提出3项建议:1)应在制度设计上强调自然保护地规划与设计的严肃性、科学性和强制性;2)在内容和深度要求上强化基于调查数据、科学分析和多方案比较后的科学决策;3)在规范性上逐渐形成适用于中国自然保护地体系规划设计和建设的标准、规范体系等。

The Denver Service Center（DSC） is the central planning, design, and construction management office of the National Park Service（NPS）. From the introduction of the organization, working jurisdiction and technological support, the study summarizes the characteristics of DSC, which are maintaining protection with a high priority, attaching great importance to research, controlling quality with detailed guidelines, building partnerships to achieve win-win cooperation. Based on status quo analysis of protected areas planning in China, the study presents three suggestions, which are 1） to ensure the seriousness, scientificity and compulsoriness of protected areas＇ plan and design in institutional framework of national park system; 2） to emphasize the scientific decision making based on survey, research and scenario comparison in terms of content and depth requirements of national park planning and design; 3） to formulate the guidelines and standards gradually for the planning and design of protected areas in China.