中国农民城镇化的实践类型及其路径表达——以上海、宁夏、湖北三省(区、市)农民进城为例

Types and Path Expressions of Urbanization in China: Examples from Shanghai, Ningxia and Hubei Provinces

随着中国经济快速发展,城镇化在快速推进,但不同县域的城镇化发展速度、水平呈现出非均衡性。本文基于对上海、宁夏、湖北三省(区、市)农民进城实践的考察,以农户中"父—子—孙"三代家庭为单位,从县域工农资源互动的角度建构农民城镇化的分析框架,发现不同县域工业化和农业资源的差异形塑了三种就近城镇化路径:以本地工业为基础的内生型城镇化、以本地农业为基础的内生型城镇化和以外地工业为基础的外输型城镇化。这三种城镇化类型在城乡空间跨度、农民家庭劳动力配置、城乡资源流动方式三个方面具有多元性和层级性。

With the rapid economic development in China, the urbanization process has advanced in a rapid pace. But variations in the development of urbanization exist in different counties. This article investigates how farmers moved into the cities in Shanghai, Ningxia and Hubei provinces. Taking the family structure of three generations ＂grandpa-father-son＂ as the unit, the study tries to establish an analytical framework of interaction of industrial resources and agricultural resources within the scope of the county. It finds three pattems of ＂nearby urbanization＂ on the basis of local industrialization level and agricultttral resources, namely, an endogenous urbanization type on the basis of local industrial development, an endogenous urbanization type on the basis of local agricultural development, and an external-input urbanization type on the basis of industrial development in outside areas. These three types of urbanization are different from the perspective of the geographic distance between urban and rural areas, labor force allocation and resource flows between urban and rural areas.