控释氮肥对东北春玉米产量及土壤-作物体系内氮素平衡的影响

Effect of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spring Maize Yield and Nitrogen Balance in the System of Soil-crop in the Northeast of China

采用定位试验开展控释氮肥对春玉米产量及氮素在土壤-作物体系内平衡研究。结果表明,100%控释氮肥基施与100%普通速效氮肥基施比较,平均增产5.1%,玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加6.6%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高2.4个百分点,氮肥农学效率平均提高2.0 kg/kg,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-10.2 kg/hm^2。60%控释氮肥与40%速效氮肥混合一次性施用与普通速效氮肥40%基施+60%追施比较,平均增产7.3%,玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加8.8%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高6.8个百分点,氮肥农学效率平均提高3.0 kg/kg,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-17.7 kg/hm^2。75%控释氮肥基施与75%速效氮肥基施比较,平均增产7.5%,玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加6.7%,氮肥表观利用率平均提高7.0个百分点,氮肥农学效率平均提高3.8 kg/kg,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-14.9 kg/hm^2。

A study of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize yield and the balance of N in the soil-crop system was carried out by the method of site-fixing experiment. The result showed that Compared the treatment of 100% controlled-release urea as basal application（CRU 100% B） with 100% bare urea as basal applica- tion（CRU100% B）, the maize yield increased by 5.1%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 6.6%; the apparent N use efficiency increased by 2.4%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 2.0 kg/kg; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 10.2 kg/ha. Compared the treatment of （40%BU＋60%CRU） B with BU40%B＋60%T, the maize yield increased by 7.3%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 8.8%, apparent N use efficiency increased 6.8%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 3.0 kg/kg, on average; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 17.7 kg/ha. Compared the treatment of CRU75%B with BU75% B, the maize yield increased by 7.5%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 6.7%; apparent N use efficiency increased 7.0%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 3.8 kg/kg, on average; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 14.9 kg/ha, on average.