论萨普对科学理论句法观的误解

On Suppe's Misunderstandings of the Syntactic View of Scientific Theories

通常将萨普的表述作为对科学理论句法观的标准理解,但对比卡尔纳普的原始表述,表明萨普的表述中存在诸多误解:一是认为句法观仅限于以一阶语言来重构科学理论,未指出句法观已将类型论与数学都囊括于其基本演算中;二是未指明"经验定律"就是重构后的科学理论"公理系统"中的"定理";三是对观察子演算及其形式语义的引入,误解了卡尔纳普在句法观中提出的经验语义解释及模型概念的本义。

Generally Speaking, Frederick Suppe＇s presentation of the syntactic view is conceived as a standard characterization of the logical empiricists＂ view of scientific theories, especially Carnap~. But based on Carnapb related presentations, three misunderstandings of the syntactic view in Suppe＇ s presen- tation are pointed out： Firstly, claiming that the reformulation of a scientific theory is based on a first -order language; Secondly, not pointing out the ＂ em- pirical laws＂ are the ＂theorems＂ of the ＂ scientific axiomatic system＂ obtained by the reformulation;Lastly, presuming an ＂observational subcalculus＂ and its formal semantics, misconceiving the meanings of the ＂empirical semantic interpretation＂ and the ＂model＂ in Carnap~ syntactic view of theories.