殷墟妇好墓出土有领玉璧与有领玉环研究

Research on the Collared Jade Annulus and Collared Jade Rings Excavated from the Fu Hao Tomb from the Ruins of Yin

本文分析殷墟妇好墓出土的21件有领玉璧和有领玉环,以及由有领玉璧及其残件改制的各种玉雕作品,提出4件素面有领玉璧的制作年代,1件可能是二里头文化的作品,3件是商代作品;同心圆线纹有领玉璧,是先制作成素面有领玉璧,再施刻同心圆线纹或宽凹弦纹纹饰,制作年代可能都属商代晚期;有领玉环是由有领玉璧改制的,改制年代可能在殷墟一二期。本文还认为这些有领玉璧的使用功能可能都是手腕部的装饰品与护腕保护品;同心圆线纹或宽凹弦纹有领玉璧上的纹饰的产生,可能是素面有领玉璧使用功能进一步发展使然。

This paper offers an analysis on the 21 collared jade discs （bi） and collared jade rings excavated from the Fu Hao tomb from Yinxu, as well as various unusual jade sculptural objects produced out of the broken and incomplete collared jade discs and rings. This analysis suggests that among the four mono colored collared jade annulus, one type may belong to the Erlitou culture, and three of them were Shang dynasty projects; As for collared jade annulus patterne with concentric circles, it was first made into mono colored collared jade discs, then the concentric circle lines or wide caved bowstring patterns were engraved onto the formed object. This may be dated to the later period of the Shang dynasty. As for the collared jade rings, their forms were derived from reformed collared jade discs, likely during the first and second phase of the Yinxu period. These collared jade discs were likely worn as ornaments on the wrists and functioned as protective ornaments of the wrists. The emergence of the concentric circle lines or the wide bowstring patterns could be seen as further evolution from the functionality of the mono colored collared jade discs.