某市三甲医院护士职业应激、恢复体验与生理健康的关系

Relationship between occupational stress, recovery experience, and physiological health of nurses in a municipal grade A tertiary hospital

目的 评价某市三甲医院护士恢复体验、职业应激、生理健康现状,分析恢复体验、职业应激和生理健康的关系.方法 于2015年10月至2016年2月,抽取某市7家三级甲等医院296名在岗护士为调查对象.采用自制调查问卷收集调查对象的个体特征;采用《中文版恢复体验问卷（REQ-C）》《工作内容问卷（JCQ）》和《职业生命质量量表（QWL7-32）》中的生理健康维度收集调查对象的恢复体验、职业应激和生理健康状况.结果 该市三甲医院护士恢复体验平均分为（45.04±7.72）分,51.35%的护士恢复体验好;81.76%的护士存在职业应激,职业应激类型为紧张型65人（21.96%）,放松型56人（18.92%）,被动型49人（16.55%）,活跃型126人（42.57%）;生理健康平均分为（21.20±4.24）分.生理健康与职业应激呈负相关（r=-0.173,P〈0.05）,与恢复体验呈正相关（r=0.198,P〈0.01）;恢复体验与职业应激呈负相关（r=-0.116,P〈0.05）.工作要求在职业应激中起主要作用,高工作要求的活跃型职业应激调查对象恢复体验最差（F=2.610,P〈0.05）,生理健康得分也最差（F=8.166,P〈0.01）.结论 工作要求对护士人群职业应激的影响较大,工作要求越高,应激反应越强,恢复体验越差,生理健康越差.

Objective To examine the relationship between recovery experience, occupational stress, and physiological health of nurses in a municipal grade A tertiary hospital. Methods A total of 296 in-service nurses from 7 municipal grade A tertiary hospitals were selected from October 2015 to February 2016. Individual characteristics of the subjects were collected using a self-made questionnaire. The recovery experience , occupational stress, and physiological health of the subjects were assessed based on the physiological health dimensions in the Chinese version of Recovery Experience Questionnaire （REQ-C）, Job Content Questionnaire （JCQ）, and Quality of Work Life （QWL7-32）. Results The mean recovery experience score of nurses from the municipal grade A tertiary hospital was 45.04 ±7.72 , and 51.35% of the nurses had satisfactory recovery experience. Occupational stress was identified in 81.76% of the nurses. Based on the four categories of occupational stress, 65 nurses were identified with high-strain jobs （21.95%）, 56 with relaxed （low-strain） jobs （18.92%）, 49 with passive jobs （16.55%）, and 126 with active jobs （42.57%）. In addition, the mean physiological health score of the nurses was 21.20 ±4.24. Physiological health was negatively correlated with occupational stress （r=-0.173, P〈0.05）, but positively correlated with recovery experience （r=0.198, P〈0.01）. Recovery experience was negatively correlated with occupational stress （r=-0.116, P〈0.05）. Job demand was the major contributor to occupational stress , where subjects with high-demand active jobs had the poorest recovery experience（F=2.610, P〈0.05） and physiological health（F=8.166, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Job demand has a great impact on the occupational stress of nurses , where increased job demand can lead to stronger stress response , reduced recovery experience, and poorer physiological health.