塞罕坝国家级自然保护区野生鱼类资源与保护对策

The Status and Conservation Strategy of Wild Fish Resources in Saihanba National Nature Reserve

2014年7—9月对塞罕坝自然保护区进行野生鱼类调查,结果发现塞罕坝有鱼类13种,隶属4目5科13属,鲤鱼目鲤科鱼类是最大的类群,优势种为拉氏鱥Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski和北方须鳅Barbatula barbatula nuda(Bleeker)。在保护区各水系中,吐力根河是鱼类主要分布地,其次是泰丰湖。在鱼类生境分布中,仅分布在一种生境的鱼类有4种,占鱼类总种数的30.77%;分布在2种或3种生境的鱼类分别有3种,占鱼类总种数的38.46%;分布在4种生境的鱼类有1种,占鱼类总种数的7.69%,广布种2种,占鱼类总种数的15.38%。生境丧失和过度捕捞是造成鱼类下降的主要原因,针对鱼类资源保护中存在的问题,提出了相应的保护对策。

A survey of wild fish resources was conducted in Hebei Saihanba National Nature Reserve from December 2013 to December 2014. 13 fish species were found belonging to 13 genera of 5 families of 4 orders. Cyprinidae are the largest group of fish fauna of the reserve. Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski and Barbatula barbatula nuda （Bleeker） are the predominant species. Tuligen river is the main area with fish distribution, followed by Taifeng Lake. Among the habitats of fishes, there were 4 fish species only occurring in one of habitat types, accounting for 32.7% of the total number of fishes; 3 fish species occurring in 2 or 3 habitat types, accounting for 38.46%, of the total number of fishes; only 1 species occurs in 4 habitat types, accounting for 7.69% of the total, 2 species are cosmopolitan species, accounting for 15.38% of the total. Habitat loss and over fishing is the primary causes for the declining fish Population, According to the problems existing in the protection offish resources, corresponding protective measures were put forward.