黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园鸟类多样性变化研究

Changes of Bird Diversity in Fujin National Wetland Park in Heilongjiang Province

2015年3—9月,采用样线法和样点法相结合的方法,对黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园进行鸟类多样性调查。结果表明:公园内鸟类共12目20科28属50种,以雁形目最多。首次在公园内发现东方白鹳和白额雁。鸟类时空分布差异显著,春季鸟类最多,夏季最少;春秋季以鸭科为主,夏季以鸥科为主;明水面、沼泽湿地和人工岛是鸟类主要分布区域。鸟类物种多样性和物种丰富度均表现为:春季>夏季>秋季,而物种均匀度表现为:夏季>春季>秋季。富锦国家湿地公园是重要的鸟类栖息地,应加强对公园生态环境的保护和管理。

We investigated the bird diversity using both line transect method and sample plot method from March to September in 2015 in Fujin National Wetland Park in Heilongjiang Province. A total of 50 bird species belonging to 12 orders were found and the largest number of bird species were found in order Anseriformes. For the first time, we observed Ciconia boyciana and Anser albifrons in the park. The temporal and spatial distribution of birds showed a significant difference. The largest number of birds was in spring, and the least number of birds was in summer. Anatidae was the dominant species in spring and autumn, while Laridae was dominant in summer. Open water area, marsh, and artificial island were main habitats in the wetland park. The biodiversity and species richness of bird showed a decrease trend from spring, summer to autumn, and species evenness of bird showed a decrease trend from summer, spring to autumn. Fujin National Wetland Park is an important habitat for birds, we need to pay more attention to it and strengthen the protection and management of the ecological environment in the Dark.