中美电价比较研究

Comparative study of electricity price between China and the United States

2016年的中、美电价整体水平接近。此前十年间的中、美电价高低互见。中、美两国电价均存在明显的地区差异。工业平均电价中国大幅高于美国,居民平均电价美国大幅高于中国。中、美两国均以火电为主,发电燃料价格美国远低于中国,而投资成本中国大幅低于美国,上述影响发电成本的两大基本因素反向对冲,是中、美电价整体持平的基本原因。中国工业电价大幅高于美国的主要原因,是工业用户对居民用户高额的电价交叉补贴。美国煤炭、天然气价格低廉,也使其电价低于绝大多数OECD国家。

The overall level of electricity price in China and the U.S. is closed in 2016, Over the past decade, the positive and negative differences between electricity price in China and the U.S. are observed. In China and the U.S., there are significant differences in electricity prices among regions. The average industrial price in China is much higher than that of the U.S. The average residential electricity price in the U.S. is much higher than that of China. China and the U.S. depend on thermal power to a large extent. The fuel prices in the U.S. is far lower than that of China. And the cost of investment in China is significantly lower than that of the U.S. The impacts of these two basic factors on power generation cost are opposite, which lead to a closed price level in China and the U.S. The high cross-subsidy from industry to resident is a main reason for higher industrial price in China compared with the U.S. The cheap coal and natu- ral gas in the U.S. lead to a lower electricity price than that of the vast majority of OECD countries.