明清之际文人的集群关系变异及其诗界影响

Variation of the Cluster Relationship of Literati and Its Influence on Poetry Circles in the Late Ming and Early Qing

明清之际的历史语境激变影响着文人集群关系的稳定性,出现了群体关系离析和再聚合互见的格局变化。在此过程中,文人群体的伦理依托、聚合动因和活动空间皆有所变异:基于亲师友等伦理关系的既有族群、学团和社局出现碎片化、混杂型再聚合态势;文化本位型集群动因趋于政治化,衍变为裹着文化外衣的政治性集群;再聚合群体的成员占籍来源和活动轨迹趋于泛地化,淡化了原有集群的乡邦地域色彩。文人集群的泛地化流动形成了清初诗群版图"诗群-群丛-文化圈"的网络化延展与诗国竞争格局的区位差异,同时,在文人再聚合过程中所形成的群体文化共质和混层文化空间对于清初诗歌创作思维的类型化、诗风气骨的两极化及诗歌体式的偏好性选择等方面皆有影响。

The drastically changing social climate in the Late Qing and Ming Dynasties caused the the instability and even restructuring of the cluster relationship of the literati.In this process,their ethical rationale,community drive and space changed:social ethical relation-basedliterary groups,societies and communities becamefragmentary and mixed,the cultural identity based clusters tended to be politicized,thus becoming political groups under the banner of culture,and the geographical representation and space of cluster members tended to be cross-regional,losing much of their localism.Their cross-regional fluidity led to a network extension from literary groups to literary communities to cultural spheres as well as to regional discrepancies in poetic competition,the prototyping of poem writing,polarization of poetic aura and essence,and stylistic preferences.