贵州3种香型烤烟中致香物质成分及含量对施肥的响应

Effects of Fertilization on Aroma Components and Content of Three Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties with Different Aroma Type

【目的】探索不同香型烤烟中致香物质对施肥的响应,为合理施肥提高烤烟的香气质量提供理论依据。【方法】2012-2014年在贵州开阳、天柱和威宁进行田间小区试验,研究施肥对贵州3种香型烤烟中致香物质成分组成及其含量的影响。【结果】施肥明显影响不同香型烤烟中致香物质的种类,其中施肥使2013年清香型和2014年偏清香型烤烟中致香物质数量分别增加15种和4种,使2013年中间香型和2012年偏清香型烤烟中致香物质分别减少4种和2种;施肥对烤烟中致香物质含量以及分配比例也产生明显影响,清香型烤烟醇类、醛类、酮类含量分别降低37.3%、37.9%、30.2%,中间香型烤烟醛类下降33.3%,偏清香型烤烟醛类、烷类分别降低49.0%、60.9%。但这种影响差异会因烤烟香气类型、种植年限、施肥状况等而有所不同;此外,经过类比分析发现,施肥除共同影响3个试验点烤烟中17种致香物质的含量外,还对其他多种致香物质含量产生不同程度的影响。【结论】贵州3种香型烤烟中致香物质成分组成及其含量对施肥的具有明显响应。

[ Objective] This study aimed to discuss effects of fertilization on aroma components of flue-cured tobacco varieties with different a- roma type and provide the theoretical basis for improvement of aroma quality in flue-cured tobacco. [ Method] The effects of fertilization on a- roma components of flue-cured tobacco varieties with three different aroma types were studied by the field plot test in Kaiyang, Tianzhu and Weining county, Guizhou during 2012 - 2014. [ Result] Fertilization affected the kinds of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco varieties with different aroma type obviously. The increased number of aroma components in the flue-cured tobacco variety with fen-flavor type in 2013 and flue-cured tobacco variety with partial fen-flavor type in 2014 is 15 and 4 under fertilization treatment respectively. The decreased num- ber of aroma components in the flue-cured tobacco variety with middle flavor type in 2013 and flue-cured tobacco variety with partial fen-fla- vor type in 2012 was 4 and 2 under fertilization treatment respectively. Fertilization affected the content and distribution proportion of aroma components in flue-cured tobacco varieties with different aroma types obviously. The content of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones in the flue- cured tobacco variety with fen-flavor type decreased by 37.3 %, 37.9 % and 30.2 % under fertilization treatment respectively. The content of aldehydes in the flue-cured tobacco variety with middle flavor type decreased by 33.3 % under fertilization treatment. The content of alde- hydes and alkanes in the flue-cured tobacco variety with partial fen-flavor type decreases by 49.0 % and 60.9 % under fertilization treatment respectively. The influence difference was related to flue-cured tobacco＇ aroma type, planting years and fertilization level. The analogy anal- ysis showed that fertilization not only affected the content of 17 common aroma components in flue-cured tobacco in three test sites but also the content of other aroma components to varying degrees. [ Conclusion] Fertilization has the significant effects on aroma components and aroma content in flue-cured tobacco varieties with three different aroma types.