西藏多地区土壤可培养细菌的分离鉴定及多样性分析

Isolation,Identification and Diversity of Soil Bacteria in Multiple Regions from Tibetan Plateau

【目的】了解西藏多地区土壤可培养细菌的多样性。【方法】采用梯度稀释涂布分离法分离土壤细菌,根据形态特征、生理生化试验去除冗余,对细菌进行16S r DNA序列系统发育分析,鉴定其种属,研究其亲缘关系及多样性。【结果】经形态特征、生理生化试验以及16S r DNA序列测定,38株细菌菌株归属于四个类群,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),变形菌门(Proteobacteria),12个科,13个属,包含链霉菌属(Streptomyces)11株,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)10株,节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)3株、类香味菌属(Myroides)3株、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)1株、新鞘氨醇菌属(Novosphingobium)1株、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)2株、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)1株、拟无枝菌酸菌属(Amycolatopsis)2株、氨基杆菌属(Aminobacter)1株、原小单孢菌属(Promicromonospora)1株、威廉姆斯氏菌属(Williamsia)1株,分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium)1株。【结论】西藏地区土壤中细菌多样性丰富,优势菌为链霉菌属和芽孢杆菌属。根据多样性指数分析,同一地区,3000~4000 m海拔的土壤细菌多样性低于4000~5000m海拔地区,3000~4000 m海拔地区土壤细菌分布较均匀。林芝地区土壤细菌多样性丰富,山南地区土壤细菌多样性最少。

[ Objective] The study aims to understand the culturable bacterial diversity isolated from the soil in multiple regions of Tibet plat- eau. [ Method] Soil samples from Tibet plateau, were used to isolate by dilution plate coating method. Strains were identified by morphology and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. [ Result] Results show that 38 strains belong to 4 phylogenetic groups （ Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes）, 12 families and 13 genus ,includingStreptomyces 11 strains, Bacillus 10 strains , Arthrobacter 3 strains,Myroides 3 strains , Staphylococcus 1 strain , Novosphingobium 1 strain ,Rhodococcus 2 strains ,Nocardia 1 strain,Amycolatopsis 2 strains,Aminobacter 1 strain, Promicromonospora 1 strian, Williamsia 1 strian, Mycobacterium 1 strain. [ Conclusion] Soil bacteria is abundant in Tibet plateau, Streptomy- cesand Bacilluswere most common groups. Soil bacteria diversity is more abundant in higher altitudes. Linzhi soil bacterial diversity was abundant and the uniformity of soil bacteria was low in Shannan area.