基于文本类型论的法律文本翻译标准

C-E Translation Standard of Legal Texts Based on the Text Typology

翻译标准历来是翻译理论的核心问题。各家各派提出的翻译标准都有其合理性,但都不是放之四海而皆准的通用标准。某种翻译理论的提出或表述都基于理论主体特定的实践对象或客体性,只有在特定的文本类型中才具有典型意义。德国莱思提出的文本类型理论,根据文本主要功能,将文本类型划分为信息型文本、表情型文本和操作型文本。立法文件属于信息型文本,狭义司法文件可能属于信息型文本,广义司法文件如刑事诉状等属于表情型文本。通过举例讨论了各种类型法律文本的翻译标准。

Translation standard has been a core problem in translation theory.The translation standards put forward by experts of different schools have their rationality to some extent,while the standards themselves are not applicable for texts of all types.Particular theory has been put forward or represented on the basis of specific translation objects or objectivity,which is appropriate and applicable for specific text type.The text typology put forward by K.Reiss,based on the main function of texts,has divided texts into three types,including informative text,expressive text and operative text.This article considers legislative texts as informative texts,judicial texts in narrow sense as informative texts,and judicial texts in broad sense(criminal indictment,for instance) as expressive texts.The article has discussed the translation standards of legal texts with examples.