2Nunan, D. 1989. Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3NuttaU, C. 1996. Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language [M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
4Oiler, J. W. 1979. Language Tests at School [M]. London:Longman.
5Pica, T. 1989. Comprehensible output as an outcome of linguistic demands on the learner [J]. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11:63-80.
6Shohamy, E. 1996. Competence and performance in language testing [A]. In Brown, G., Malmkjoer, K., & Williams, J. (eds.)Performance and Competence in Second Language Acquisition [C].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.138-151.
7Swain, M. 1985. Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensive output in its development [A].In Gass, S. & Madden, C. (eds.). Input in Second Language Acquisition[C]. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. 235-253.
8Swain, M. 1995. Three functions of output in second language learning [A]. In Cook, G. & B. Seidlhofer. (eds.). Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics [C]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 125-144.
9Widdowson, H.G. 1978. Teaching Languages as Communication[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10Widdowson, H. G. 1979. Explorations in applied linguistics[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
