汉语儿童和家长对话中的指示言语行为

Directives in Chinese Child-Parent Conversation

文章探讨了在读书和游戏两种环境中,儿童和家长的祈使句、陈述句、疑问句表达的指示言语行为的不同功能,以及3-5岁儿童的指示言语对礼貌原则违背。对12个学龄前儿童与家长的话语交流的实地录像分析表明:随年龄增长儿童指示言语行为的形式更加委婉,相应的礼貌程度增强;家长侧重使用祈使句来执行指示行为而儿童使用祈使句和陈述句频率相当,二者均很少使用疑问句执行指示行为。

The different functions of directives in Chinese child-adult conversation under the contexts of book-reading and play are discussed in this paper.Through the analysis of the three forms of directives—imperative,interrogative and declaration—children's use of politeness principle is discriminated from that of adult'.The analysis of the video-recorded conversation of 1 2 pre-school children and their parents shows that along with the increase of age,child uses more and more indirectives to show politeness;parents is likely to use imperatives to direct children's action while children uses imperatives and declaratives equally frequent;both uses interrogatives least frequently to perform directive action.