桔霉素生物合成及调控的研究进展

Research Progress on Biosynthesis and Regulation of Citrinin

桔霉素是一种聚酮类化合物,同时也是一种常见的真菌毒素,具有肾毒性和潜在的致癌致畸风险,是青霉属、曲霉属、红曲霉属等的次级代谢产物。桔霉素的存在严重影响了真菌发酵工程的安全性,对食品安全造成了严重的威胁。因此,如何减少或抑制桔霉素的产量已成为一个研究热点。近年来,随着分子生物学技术的发展,许多研究者对真菌次级代谢产物的生物合成及其调控进行了研究。文章重点介绍了桔霉素生物合成途径及相关基因的研究进展,为减少真菌发酵过程中桔霉素的产量,提供更优良的工业用菌株的参考和借鉴。

Citrinin is one of the well-known mycotoxins and polyketides, which has been proved to be nephrotoxic and potentially embryocidal and carcinogenic. It is a secondary metabolite produced by several fungal strains belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Monascus. The contamination of citrinin now threatens the food safety and fungus fermentation. Therefore, how to reduce and eliminate the production of citrinin has become a hot topic. In recent years, with the development of molecular biological approaches, many researchers have explored the biosynthesis and regulation of fungal secondary metaholites. The latest achievements are summarized in this paper, which has set up the foundation for reducing the production of citrinin in fungus fermentation and providing high-efficient industrial fungal strains.