中国环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的双重效应

Dual Effect of Chinese Environmental Regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity

环境规制是否以及如何影响绿色全要素生产率,目前学术界尚未形成共识。本文分析了环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的双重作用机理,运用非期望产出的EBM-DDF模型测度了中国30个省域2003—2014年的绿色全要素生产率,并检验了三种环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的直接和间接影响效应。实证表明:命令控制型环境规制尚未直接影响绿色全要素生产率;市场激励型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的直接影响符合倒"U"型关系,当前市场激励型环境规制促进绿色全要素生产率的增长,支持了"波特假说";自愿协议型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的直接影响呈"U"型关系。就中国的具体实践而言,环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的间接作用受地区技术创新、要素结构和FDI水平的异质性影响,影响效应最大的路径是要素结构。

Whether and how environmental regulation affects green total factor productivity （GTFP） has not yet formed consensus in academia. This paper analyzes dual effect mechanisms of the environmental regulation on GTFP, uses EBM-DDF model to measure the GTFP of 30 provinces in China between 2003 and 2014 considering nonexpected output, and tests the direct and indirect effects of three kinds of environmental regulations on GTFP. The empirical study shows that： the command-control environmental regulation has not directly affect the GTFP. Market-incentive environmental regulation has a direct impact on the GTFP with the inverted ＂U＂type. The current market-incentive environmental regulation promotes GTFP, supporting the ＂Potter hypothesis＂.The direct impact of voluntary-agreement environmental regulation on GTFP is ＂U＂type. For China＇s specific practice, the indirect impact of environmental regulation on GTFP is influenced by the different level of regional technological innova- tion, factor structure and FDI, and the most influential path is the factor structure.