抗氧化物质对提高家畜冻精受精能力的研究进展

Research Progress on Antioxidants Raising the Ability of Domestic Animals Frozen Sperm Fertilization

超低温冻存技术将低温生物学与生殖生物学紧密结合在一起,并在生命科学领域得到了广泛应用。在生殖生物学领域,配子与胚胎的超低温冻存有着广阔的研究前景。目前,常用于家畜繁殖育种的冷冻精液包括常规冻精液和性控冻精,精液经冷冻解冻,尤其是性控冻精在制备时经稀释、染料、激光、分离加压、冷冻以及受精时精液解冻等过程,均会产生大量活性氧(ROS)。ROS破坏精子内部抗氧化防御体系平衡,精子发生氧化应激损伤,造成精子质膜脂质过氧化(LPO)、DNA损伤、凋亡等,影响精子受精能力及受精卵的发育。内源性抗氧化剂不足,补充外源性抗氧化剂成为必然选择。近年来,抗氧化物质在家畜常规冻精中的研究日益增多,但在性控精液中研究很少。本文综述了番茄红素、抗坏血酸、白藜芦醇、褪黑素这几类抗氧化物质对降低家畜常规冻精及性控冻精氧化应激损伤作用机理的研究进展,以期筛选出高效的抗氧化剂以提高冻精质量。

The innovation of technology of cryopreservation makes cryobiology and reproductive biology in a joint connection and has a widespread use in life science filed. In the field of reproductive biology, there is a great research prospect in cryopreservation of gamete and embryo. At present, frozen semen and sex-sorted frozen sperm are always used for animal production. But the frozen sperm under frozen-thawing, especially sex-sorted frozen sperm which under the process of attenuation, dye, laser light, elevated pressure of separation, freezing, thawing and so on, will produce a large number of ROS. ROS will break the interior balance of sperm＇s antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress injury to sperm and lead the sperm to lipid peroxidation of plasma membrane（LPO）,DNA damage, apoptosis, etc, and all these deleterious effects reduce the fertility potential of the sperm and the development ability of germ cell. Since endogenous antioxidants are insufficient, added exogenous antioxidants become an inevitable choice. In recent years, more and more study of use antioxidant substance in cow＇s frozen semen, but little in sex-sorted frozen sperm. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of lycopene, ascorbic acid, resveratrol and melatonin supplement to reduce the oxidative stress injury in cow＇s frozen semen and sex-sorted frozen semen, in order to select effective antioxidant to improve the quality of frozen semen.