风力机叶片雨淞覆冰的三维数值模拟及试验研究

3-D Numerical Simulations and Experiments on Glaze Ice Accretion of Wind Turbine Blades

风力机覆冰导致叶片的气动性能下降,造成风力机功率损失。为研究风机叶片的覆冰增长规律,该文建立了基于欧拉法及传热传质原理的风力机雨淞覆冰三维模型,并在人工气候室内对模型进行了试验验证。基于数值模型研究了温度对覆冰的影响以及覆冰对风力机空气动力特性的影响。研究表明,旋转风力机覆冰区域主要集中在叶片前缘,沿叶展方向覆冰呈线性增加,在叶尖处覆冰最厚;随着温度的降低,水滴冻结系数增加,叶片前缘积冰加剧,覆冰区域减小;覆冰造成阻力系数升高,升力系数下降,空气动力特性恶化。

Ice on blades changes the aerodynamic performance, causing power loss to the wind turbine. To study the ice growth of wind turbine blades, a 3-D glaze ice accretion model of wind turbines was proposed based on the Eulerian approach and heat and mass transfer principle, which was experimentally verified in the artificial climate chamber. The temperature effect and aerodynamic performance due to ice were also analyzed. Results show that ice mainly accumulates at the leading edge and shows a linearly rising trend from the root to the tip. Lower temperature leads to a more severe ice at the leading edge and smaller ice-covered area. The aerodynamic performance of iced blades gets deteriorated with an increasing drag coefficient and a reduced lift coefficient.