瑞典国家利益矿区与中国“两区”管理比较研究

A comparative study of Sino-Sweden on mineral deposits of national interest management

瑞典矿业发展对其发达的工业具有重大贡献。其工业化、城市化过程中,对矿业影响国家利益认识逐步深刻,并先后划定145个国家利益矿区,形成了系统的管理政策体系。在梳理中国国家规划矿区和对国民经济具有重要价值的矿区历史沿革和政策变化的基础上,总结了中国"两区"的计划开采、动态调整、权限下放、矿权设置等四类管理措施;比较了中瑞两国在设区初衷、规模设计、动态调整机制、管理模式、环境保护管理的五个异同点;提出了优化中国"两区"管理,加强生态文明建设,编制矿业权设置区划,完善动态调整机制,加强信息化管理,创新监管服务机制的五项政策建议。

The development of the Swedish mining industry has made a great contribution to its developed industry. During the process of industrialization and urbanization, Sweden has had definition of mineral deposits of national interest, drawn up 145 areas and formed management policy system. Based on combing the history and policy changes of national planning mining area and Mining area of great value to the national economy in China, the paper summarizes four kinds of management measures which including Planned mining, dynamic adjustment, decentralization, Mining right establishment of ＂two districts＂ in china, points out five similarities and differences on management that the original intention, scale design, dynamic adjustment mechanism, mode and environmental protection between the two countries, puts forward five policy suggestions to China on ecological civilization construction, zoning of mining rights, dynamic adjustment mechanism, information management, and regulatory innovation.