政府购买公共服务的成本效益分析

A Cost-Benefit Analysis on Government Purchasing Public Services

文章试图以成本效益分析为工具探讨政府购买公共服务的问题。公共服务购买回报率是用来衡量政府购买公共服务质量和水平的一个重要概念,购买回报率高即意味着高效益低成本。政府购买公共服务的效益函数主要包括经济效益、社会效益、管理效益以及政治效益。政府购买公共服务的成本函数主要由生产成本、协商成本、违约成本、过失成本、寻租成本、监控成本等构成。研究发现,在期望购买收益恒定的条件下,提升政府购买公共服务购买回报率的着力点在于采取有针对性措施优化成本结构:降低生产成本;保证协商成本,避免过失成本;加大监控成本,减少寻租成本。

Based on a cost - benefit analysis, this paper discusses cost and benefit in government purchasing public services. The rate of return on public service purchase is an important concept for measuring the quality and level of government purchasing public services. The higher the rate of return on public service purchase is, the higher benefit and lower cost are. The utility function of government purchasing public services is mainly composed of economic benefit, social benefit, management benefit and political benefit. The cost function of government purchasing public services is mainly composed of production cost, negotiation cost, default cost, mistake cost, rent - seeking cost, and monitoring cost. This study finds that the key to improving the rate of re- turn on government purchasing public services when there are constant prospected purchasing benefits is to take targeted measures to refine the cost structure such as reducing production cost, ensuring negotiation cost, avoiding mistakes cost, increasing monitoring costs, and reducing rent -seeking cost.