“社会中的政党”与“政党中的社会”:政党社会学的历史传统与研究路径

“Parties in Society”and “the Society inside Parties”:the Tradition and Research Approaches of the Sociology of Political Parties

政党是古典社会学的重要研究议题。政党社会学可以分为"社会中的政党"与"政党中的社会"两种研究路径。前者关注政党—社会关系,比如政党的社会基础和社会功能;后者关注政党内部构成的"小社会",即政党内部的组织结构和机制。前者是政治社会学的路径,后者是组织社会学的路径。政党社会学传统的复兴,需要社会学家关注政党与身份群体的互动关系以及政党在其中所发生的组织变迁。

Political parties constitute an important topic in classical sociology. The sociology of political parties has two major research approaches： ＂parties in society＂ and ＂the society inside parties. ＂ The former focuses oil party - society interaction, such as the social bases and functions of parties. The latter deals primarily with the ＂small society＂ inside parties, namely, the internal organizational dynamics of parties. The two approaches can be understood as the approaches of political sociology and the sociology of organizations, respectively. The revival of the sociology of political parties calls for sociologists to pay more attention to party - status group interaction and the corresponding organizational changes of parties.