爆炸冲击下钢制浮顶储罐破坏的数值模拟

Numerical simulation of steel floating-roof storage tank destruction under blast impact

为获得大型钢制浮顶式储罐结构在爆炸冲击作用下的破坏机制,采用理论分析、缩比模型爆炸模拟试验与数值模拟结合的方法,研究浮顶储罐结构的破坏特征和内力变化过程。结果表明:由于爆炸冲击波的瞬间冲击作用,罐壁沿环向形成巨大的压缩内力,迎爆面罐壁顶部屈服导致罐体失稳破坏;浮顶罐的结构破坏经历了弹塑性动力响应过程,最终形成迎爆面罐壁的内凹塌陷和屈曲变形;并且,罐壁的内力以拉压力和产生弯矩的内力为主,但拉压作用更为明显,罐壁沿其环向处于受压状态,沿轴向处于受拉状态。

For the sake of exploring the damage mechanism of steel storage tank with a floating roof under the blast impact,the process of structural failure and changes in interal forces were researched through theoretical analysis,scaled model test and numeical simulations.It is found that the tank walls produce a great compressive internal force in the circumferential direction,because of the instantaneous impact.Besides,the upper area yields and the tank body loses its stability,as well as a concave and buckling region appears in the structure in the process of approaching elastic-plastic response.Moreover,the tensile（or compressive） stress and stress giving birth to bending moment are main internal forces,but the effect of tensile（or compressive） stress is much obvious.The walls form a compressive state and a tensile state in their circumferential and axial directions respectively.