飞行前后意大利蝗飞行肌及能源消耗比较

Comparison of flight muscle and energy consumption of pre-and post-flight in Calliptamus italicus(Orthoptera:Acrididae)

意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)具有长距离迁飞行为,并常给迁入区造成严重损失。若要提高对其监测预警和防控水平,就需要掌握其飞行肌结构特征,分析其体内能源物质积累与飞行消耗的动态,因此本研究比较了意大利蝗吊飞前后飞行肌肌节长度、肌原纤维直径和线粒体含量差异及飞行不同距离虫体内糖原和甘油酯含量变化。结果表明,吊飞组与未吊飞对照组雌虫之间、雄虫之间线粒体含量均差异显著(P<0.05)。意大利蝗雌成虫飞行超过2.8km后糖原消耗最多,为11.15mg·g^(-1),雄虫飞行2.1~2.8km时消耗最多,为16.10mg·g^(-1)。雌、雄成虫均在飞行距离大于2.8km后甘油酯消耗最多,分别为61.69和69.75mg·g^(-1)。意大利蝗飞行同时消耗糖类和脂肪两类能源物质,且雌雄成虫分别飞行超过2.8km和2.1~2.8km时糖原利用效率最大,飞行超过2.8km后甘油酯利用效率最大。本研究得出吊飞组个体能改变自身的飞行肌结构来适应飞行活动;且飞行过程中意大利蝗能同时利用糖类与脂类,糖类能快速产生能量以供起飞与短距离飞行,随后主要消耗甘油酯供长距离飞行。

Calliptamus italicus has the ability to fly long distance for migration, which can have negative effects in migrated areas. In this study on C. italicus, we compared the sarcomere length, myofibrils diameter, mito- chondrial content, and changes in glycogen and glyceride levels during different flight distances. Our results in- dicate significant （P〈0.05） differences between females, males, females and males of test group members and control group in the mitochondrial content. The most glycogen consumption was recorded for females flying o- ver 2.8 km and males flying between 2.1-2.8 kin, which were 11.15 and 16.10 mg · g 1, respectively. The most glyceride consumed for both, females and males was to fly over 2.8 kin, which were 61.69 and 69.75 mg· g-1 , respectively. We found that C. italicus consumed both, carbohydrates and lipid at the same time during flight. Females and males had the highest glycogen utilization efficiency when the travelling distances were over 2.8 and 2.1-2.8 km, respectively. Highest glyceride utilization efficiency was also observed when the travelling distance was over 2.8 km.