水稻需水量对旱涝交替胁迫的响应效应

Effect of Water Requirement Change of Paddy Rice in Southern Area under Drought-Waterlogging Alternating Stress Condition

通过农田水位调控以降低旱涝胁迫对水稻生长影响的研究已成为稻作节水学科研究领域的热点问题.本文基于水位调控技术研究了旱涝交替胁迫下水稻生理胁迫程度和需水量的变化.结果表明:拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期水稻抗旱涝胁迫能力较强,分蘖期和乳熟期较弱;水稻在两个生育期内受到旱涝交替胁迫时,水稻前期胁迫将对后期生长有影响且因后者对应水位不同而存在差异,其中拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期连续进行旱涝交替胁迫处理使水稻生理生长机能遭到破坏,对旱涝胁迫的抵抗能力下降;旱涝交替胁迫下水稻全生育期需水量变化按照拔节孕穗期>抽穗开花期>乳熟期>分蘖期依次降低,此外,除乳熟期处理对旱涝胁迫调控表现为不显著,其余生育期旱涝胁迫对需水量变化影响均显著.

The current water level control technology through the regulation of farmland water conditions to reduce water-logging stress and study on variation rules of water requirement of paddy rice has become a hot issue of frontiers of the discipline. Based on the water level control technology, this papper was studied the water requirement change of paddy rice at single growth stage and continuous or alternation of two different stages under drought-waterlogging alternating stress. The results showed that： For single growth period, the ability of resist drought- waterlogging alternating stress was strong in jointing-booting stage and heading-flowering stage, but was weak in tillering and milking stage; For continuous or alternation two stages, the early drought-waterlogging alternating stress effect will have some infuence on the late period corresponding to different water level conditions performance, physiology of rice growth function was damaged and the resistance ability of drought-waterlogging alternating stress was decrease wherein the continuous drought-waterlogging alternating stress in jointing-booting stage and heading-flowering stage ; The paddy rice water requirement of the whole growth stage according to order of the jointing booting stage 〉 flowering parameter 〉 milk ripe stage 〉 tillering stage were decreased under the drought-waterlogging alternating stress condition, in addition, in addition at milking stage, the regulation performance of water requirement was not significant effected by the drought-waterlogging alternating stress, drought-waterlogging alternating stress had significantly impact on water requirement change at the other stages.