全断面岩石掘进机连续性刀盘形变理论及应用研究

Theoretical and Applied Research of the Deformation of the Continuous Cutterhead of TBM

刀盘是全断面岩石掘进机上的关键核心部件.实际工程应用发现,全断面岩石掘进机作业过程中,盘形滚刀破岩作业效能低、设备振动大,与刀盘形变极不均匀关系密切.以弹性力学理论为基础,论文建立了全断面岩石掘进机作业刀盘的形变模型;考虑刀盘上盘形滚刀均匀布置,从而将作业刀盘看成面板上分布着均布载荷的弹性连续薄板;根据刀盘与其支撑大轴承的联接关系,确定刀盘支撑边界条件为夹支,从而对刀盘形变模型进行了求解.根据理论研究,论文提出了全断面岩石掘进机曲面刀盘概念——根据破岩地质条件,给刀盘以预变形,当刀盘在此地质条件下破岩作业时,刀盘产生弹性变形,从而使预变形消失,刀盘保持平面作业状态.论文建立的理论增强了刀盘作业刚度,使作业刀盘的极不均匀变形因其预变形基本能保持平面作业状态,有效提高了刀盘上盘形滚刀的破岩作业效能、降低了机器振动,从而为全断面岩石掘进机刀盘结构设计提供了借鉴.

The cutterhead is a key part of a full face rock tunnel boring machine （TBM）. The practical application reveals that low rock fragmentation efficiency of disc cutters and heavy vibration of equipment are closely related with the unevenly deformed cutterhead during excavation. In this paper, based on the elastic theory a deformation model of TBM cutterhead is developed; Given the uniform layout of disc cutters, the operating cutterhead is viewed as a continuous elastic sheet with uniform load on the cutterhead;The connection between cutterhead and its bearing gives rise to the boundary condition of cutterhead that the cutterhead is rigidly attached to the bearing, hence calculation of the deformation model. On the basis of the foregoing theories,the concept of bent cutterhead is presented：pre-deformation addition to the cutterhead in accordance with geological conditions, under which pre-deformation disappears when there appears elastic deformation on the cutterhead which at the same time becomes fiat. The theories put forward in this paper can enhance cutterhead stiffness and make unevenly deformed cutterhead fiat with pre-deformation, effectively improve rock fragmentation efficiency and reduce its vibration, and will also be of significance to the structure design of TBM cutterhead.