从两个到一个:城市两代父母生育意愿的变迁

To Have Two Kids or to Have One: A Contrastive Study of Changes in People's Attitude toward Childbirth between Two Generations in Cities

本文利用相隔二十八年的两个相似样本的社会调查结果,对城市两代父母的生育意愿进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,改革开放初期的那一代城市小学生父母与他们的下一代、即当前的城市小学生父母之间,在生育意愿上已经发生了显著的变迁。从大部分人希望生育两个孩子,到大部分人只希望生一个孩子,是这种变迁的突出特征。这种城市两代父母生育意愿的变迁,是改革开放以来中国社会的结构、文化所发生的巨大变迁在育龄人口生育意愿上的一种反映,也是我国社会的生育观念、生育文化逐渐从传统向现代转变的一个缩影。

Using two samples with a 28-year time gap in between,this paper contrasts people’s willingness to give birth within the subjects of two generations in cities.Results show that urban parents with kids,older enough to be 1-6 graders,in the early time of the Reform,have attitudes toward childbirth different from their younger generation.The distinct feature of this change lies in the fact that most of the older generation wanted to have two kids while most of the younger generation simply want to have one.This change reflects the changes in social construction and social culture in China these years,and embodies the changes in childbirth from tradition to modernity.