建章立制:国民党对童子军的组织建设

On the KMT's Efforts to Reformulate and Reorganize the Boy Scout

童子军是20世纪30年代最大的全国性儿童组织,其地位的获得与国民党有极大的关系,国民党与童子军的联系有很多待发之覆。本文讨论国民党控制童子军后对后者的组织改造问题。国民党不仅完成了过去教育团体努力已久而未达成的目标——建立童子军全国性的中央机构,而且在编制系统、登记制度、中央和地方关系上都进行了探索。随着对童子军了解的深入,国民党还借鉴欧美的相关制度和经验,特别参考美国童子军总章,修订了《中国童子军总章》,成为国民党领导童子军的纲领性文件。尽管党内结构有过调整,相关人事也几经变动,但童子军的相关组织建设从未停滞,并始终处于比较重要的地位。从训练部到教育部的机构过渡是国民党对童子军的内在设计,而司令部与童子军总会的相继成立则体现了童子军地位的逐步提高。

This article discusses the KMT’s reorganization of the Boy Scout,when it was made completely under the Party’s control.The KMT explored the possibility of bureaucratic establishment,registrations system and the Central-local relationships,within the scout movement.Furthermore,in view of similar movements in Europe and the United States,the KMT reformulated The Charter of the Chinese Boy Scout,based upon American experience,making it the guideline of the Chinese scout movement.Despite the changes in organization and leadership,the Chinese Boy Scout never gave up its endeavors in its organizational construction,which was a core element of the scout movement.