创业教育研究的“他国话语”倾向偏失及匡正——基于近十年国内研究文献的计量分析

The "Discourse of other Countries" in the Study of Entrepreneurship Education is Biased and Corrected——A Quantitative Analysis Based on Domestic Research Literature in the Recent Decade

通过对国内创业教育近十年文献的计量分析发现,创业教育相关论文涉及到国外时九成以上会提及美国,呈现出"美国突出,英日显著"特点。超过四分之三的样本文献采用西方的理论或者模型、方法来研究国内创业教育,采用本土理论方法的研究不到四分之一,呈现出"西方理论主导、本土话语势弱"特点。由样本文献可窥见当前国内创业教育研究中"他国话语"倾向比较明显。同时,大多数研究过于关注国外成功的经验,普遍忽视其存在的问题;对城市创业教育经验剖析多,对农村创业教育经验研究较少;心理学方向的理论借鉴较多,社会学、经济学方向的研究较少;聚焦领域相对集中于高校创业教育,对创业教育中学校与社会互动之间的联系和互动关注不足。因此,有必要引导更多方位和角度观察域外经验,使创业教育的借鉴中避免"傲慢与偏见",同时更多关注我国创业教育的本土经验,确立对我国创业教育成效的客观认知。

Through the analysis of the literature of the domestic entrepreneurship education in the past ten years, it is found that when the relevant papers of entrepreneurship education are related to foreign countries, more than 90% of the papers mentioned in the United States will show the characteristics of ＂prominence in the United States, Britain and Japan＂. More than three quarters of the sample literature use Western theory or model, method to study the domestic entrepreneurship education, less than a quarter use local theoretical methods, showing the dominant features of Western theory. From the sample hterature, it is found that in the current domestic entrepreneurship education research, ＂other country discourse＂ tend to be more obvious. At the same time, most of the research is too concerned about the successful experience of foreign countries, and ignore the existence of the problem. It analyzes the experience of urban entrepreneurship education, and studies less about the experience of rural entrepreneurship education. Psychological theory is more frequently referred to than sociology and economic research. Focuses are mainly put on college entrepreneurship education rather than interaction between schools and society. Therefore, it is necessary to guide more orientations and angles to observe the experience of extraterritoriality, so as to avoid the ＂arrogance and prejudice＂ in the reference of entrepreneurship education, and pay more attention to the local experience of China＇s entrepreneurship education and establish the objective cognition of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in China.