对《政治经济学批判(1857～1858年手稿)》中三种所有制原始形式的再认识

A New Understanding of the Original Form of Three Kinds of Ownership in Critique of Political Economy(the Manuscript from 1857 to 1858)

在《政治经济学批判(1857~1858年手稿)》中,马克思对亚细亚、古典古代和日耳曼三种所有制的原始形式进行了详尽阐述。国内外学界对这三种所有制原始形式间的关系争论不休,而这一争论对于理解马克思的经济社会形态演进及过渡思想、理解人类社会发展进程等一系列重大理论及现实问题,树立社会主义的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信具有重要意义。通过研读马克思文本可以确证,这三种所有制原始形式各有特色,又有许多共同点,它们是同一历史时期并列的三种所有制原始形式,马克思把它们归结为人类社会发展的"第一个历史阶段",而亚细亚形式是三者中最典型、也是保持最长久的形式。

In Critique of Political Economy（ the Manuscript from 1857 to 1858）, Marx expounded the origi- nal forms of three kinds of ownership, the Asiatic, ancient classical and Germanic forms of ownership. Domes- tic and foreign scholars argued over the relationship among original forms of these three kinds of ownership, and this debate is of great significance. It can help us to understand a series of major theoretical and practical problems such as Marx＇s thought of economic and social form evolution and transition and the process of human social development, and to establish the socialist self - confidence of develop road, theory, system and cultur- al. By studying Marx＇s text, it can be confirmed that the original forms of the three kinds of ownership have their own characteristics, while there are many things in common. They are the original forms of the three kinds of ownership in the same historical period. Marx attributed them to the ＂first historical stage＂ of human social development, while the Asiatic form was the most typical and the longest maintained form of the three.