世界自然遗产景区消费对区域经济的综合乘数效应与扩散路径研究

A Study on Comprehensive Multiplier Effect upon Regional Economy and Diffusion Paths Caused by Consumption of the World Natural Heritage Scenic Spot

旅游业的产业地位不断上升,但各地在旅游发展模式方面却缺乏创新。门票经济思维依然主导着绝大多数地区旅游业的发展。如何评估景区消费对旅游目的地的综合经济效应,尚存在不足。在此背景下,以世界自然遗产地广东丹霞山为案例,运用投入产出分析方法,引入旁侧效应理论,构建景区消费乘数效应结构树模型,深入揭示自然遗产景区门票消费对区域经济的乘数效应与扩散路径。根据景区消费乘数效应结构树模型,自然遗产景区消费乘数效应包括内生路径传导的产业波及效应和外生路径传导的旁侧效应,两种路径分别通过直接效应和间接效应的作用最终体现为景区消费的综合乘数效应。丹霞山景区案例测算结果表明:景区门票消费每创造1个单位的增加值,可通过内生路径即产业波及效应带动国民经济其它部门0.82个单位的增加值;此外,通过外生路径即旁侧效应直接和间接带动当地国民经济12.75个单位的增加值。外生路径乘数效应是内生路径乘数效应的15.5倍,可见自然遗产景区消费带来的旁侧效应是极其巨大的。依据研究结果,为公共旅游资源景区目的地政府科学选择旅游发展模式,合理制定景区价格政策提出相关建议。

Despite the rising status of tourism industry, most scenic spots are lack of innovation in tourism developing model, and thought of tickets economy still dominate most of the region^ development of tourism. But how to evaluate the comprehensive economic effect of scenic consumption to tourism destination？ The relevant issue is seldom studied both at home and abroad. In this background, taking world heritage site Danxia Mount as an example, using input - output analysis method, introducing the theory of lateral effect, this paper has build structure tree model for multiplier effect of consumption in scenic spot, and has deeply re-vealed multiplier effect and diffusion paths of ticket consumption for the natural heritage scenic spot on regional economy. According to the tree model, multiplier effect of consumption in natural heritage scenic spot include industry spreading effect transmitted by endogenetic route and lateral effect transmitted by exogenous route, and the function of two routes have reflected to comprehensive multiplier effect of consumption in scenic spot through direct effect and indirect effect. Through the case study of Danxia Mount, it turned out that when con-sumption of the scenic spot create every unit of value added, firstly it can drives other departments of national economy 0. 82 units of value added through endogenetic route. In addition, it can also directly and indirectly drive other departments of national economy 12. 75 units of value added through exogenous route. The multipli-er effect of exogenous route is 15. 5 times that of endogenetic route. This shows that the lateral effect of con-sumption in natural heritage scenic spots are enormous. On the basis of research results, this paper makes sug-gestions for governments of public tourism resources scenic destination about how to choose appropriate tourism development pattern and make reasonable price policies of scenic spot.