成人学习基本理论——诺尔斯的观点

The Resume of Knowles' Andragogy Theory

美国著名成人教育学家诺尔斯提出的成人学习理论,是20世纪西方成人教育学界的一个重大理论成果。诺尔斯关于成人学习理论的研究可分为三个部分:成人学习者研究、自我导向学习理论及合同学习模式。诺尔斯提出成人学习者的六个基本特征:学习需要、学习者的自我概念、学习者的经验作用、学习准备、学习倾向和学习动机。成人学习者的特征决定了成人学习的实质是自我导向学习,合同学习是实现自我导向学习的有效途径。

M. S. Knowles, one of the most influential American adult educators, set up the andragogy theory which was a significant achievement in scientific research in the 20th century. The main views of Knowles＇ andragogy theory are as follows ： the study of adult learners, self-directed learning and the contract learning. He summed up the six characteristics of adult learners, which include the need to know, the learners＇ self-concept,learners＇ experiences, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and learning motivation. Knowles points out that the adult learning is self-directed learning. And he puts forward that the contract learning is an effective way to realize self-directed learning.