微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响

Effects of probiotics on the growth performance,organ relative weight,and intestine development of weaned piglets

通过给苏淮断奶仔猪饲喂微生态制剂(植物乳杆菌为主)研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响,分析仔猪生长性能与器官重、小肠形态、肠道pH的相关性,探讨微生态制剂缓解仔猪断奶应激的可能机制。选取健康、胎次和体重相近[(9.34±0.33)kg]的144头28日龄苏淮断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮+抗生素)、微生态制剂组(基础日粮+微生态制剂),每组6个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。预试期为3d,试验于32日龄开始,59日龄结束时屠宰采样。结果表明,与对照组相比,微生态制剂可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.05),降低料重比(F/G)和腹泻率(P<0.05);显著提高(P<0.05)断奶仔猪脾脏相对重量;显著增加断奶仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),显著降低十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒隐比(P<0.05),十二指肠、空肠、回肠隐窝深度有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);显著降低(P<0.05)断奶仔猪盲肠、结肠pH。与抗生素组相比,微生态制剂组对各指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示,ADG增加与肝脏相对重量增加显著相关(P<0.05);ADFI增加与十二指肠和脾脏相对重量、回肠绒隐比增加显著相关(P<0.05),与结肠和盲肠pH、回肠隐窝深度降低显著相关(P<0.05);F/G降低与结肠相对重量增加呈显著相关(P<0.05);腹泻率下降与十二指肠相对重、脾脏相对重量、十二指肠和空肠绒隐比增加呈显著相关(P<0.05)。由此看出,微生态制剂可通过增加器官重,改善肠道形态,降低胃肠道pH,提高断奶仔猪生长性能、降低腹泻率,缓解断奶应激对仔猪的影响,该微生态制剂具有替代抗生素的潜力。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the growth performance, relative organ weight, and intestinal development of weaned piglets, to determine whether probiotics can ease the weaning transition. A total of 144 Suhuai weaned piglets （9. 34zto . 33 kg） at an age of 28 days were ran-domly assigned to three groups; control group （basal die t）,antibiotics group （basal diet ＋ antibiotics）,and probiotic group （basal diet ＋ probiotic）. Each group had six replicates,with eight piglets per replicate. The ex-periment started at 32 days after birth and ended at 59 days after birth. At 59 days,one piglet from each repli-cate was slaughtered for sampling. Compared with the control, the probiotic treatment significantly increased the average daily gain （ADG） and average daily feed intake （ADFI） , and decreased the feed/gain ratio （F/G） and diarrhea rate after weaning （P〈0 . 05）. It also significantly increased ADG of the spleen and improved vil-lus development in the duodenum, and reduced the villus height/crypt depth （V/C） of the duodenum, jeju-num, and ileum after weaning （P〈0 . 05）. Compared with the control, the probiotic treatment significantly de-creased the pH of the cecum and colon. A correlation analysis showed that the increased ADG was associated with increased relative weight of the liver. The increased ADFI was strongly related to the increased relative weight of the duodenum and spleen and the increased V/C of the jejunum. The decreased F/G was correlated with the increased relative weight of the colon. The decreased diarrhea rate was correlated with the increased relative weight of the duodenum and spleen, and with the increased V/C of the duodenum and jejunum. The findings imply that a probiotic can relieve weaning stress in piglets by improving their growth performance and decreasing the diarrhea rate via their effects on small intestine morphology, organ relative weight, and gastro-intestinal pH. Probiotics could be used as alternatives to antibiotics during the weaning of piglets.