氧化铁纳米颗粒在恶性肿瘤诊疗中的应用及进展

The application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumor

恶性肿瘤的发病率逐年升高。目前,以手术、放疗、化疗为主的综合治疗模式,很大程度上延长了患者的生存期。但是,由于恶性肿瘤的早期诊断不足,化疗毒副反应大等弊端,其有效诊治仍然是一个亟需解决的难题。近些年来,越来越多的研究致力于将纳米医学应用于肿瘤的诊疗中,这为解决临床问题提供新的思路。肿瘤微环境不同于正常组织微环境,利用其特殊的微环境,多种纳米材料被研究应用于肿瘤的诊疗,其中氧化铁纳米颗粒(IONP)是一种特殊的纳米材料,其本身既可以用于成像,又可以用于药物的运输,或直接产生治疗效应等,在肿瘤诊疗中体现了更多的优越性。本文就肿瘤的特殊微环境及IONP在肿瘤诊疗中的应用进行综述。

The morbidity of malignant tumor is increasing year by year. Prese ntly,the survival time of cancer patients can be prolonged by using the mult idis c ip l in a ry treatment strategy whose main components include surgery, radiothera-py and chemotherapy. However,due to the insuf ficie ncy in the early - stage tumor diagnosis or the tox ic ity in chemo-therapy, the ef f icient diagnosis and treatment are stilla hard problem needed to be urgently solved. In recent years,the applications of nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, which can be found in more and more resear-ches, provide a new approach to treat many c l in ic a l issues. The microenvironments of malignant tumor and normal t is-sue are different, and based on this d iffe ren ce, a variety of nanomaterials are studied and applied in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Especial ly, as a potential ma te r ia l, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （IO N P ） , which can be used in im -aging ,drug transportation, or producing therapeutic effects, is superior to other materials in tumor treatment. This paper summarizes the state of arts about the special microenvironment o f tumor and the applications of IONP in tumor diag-nosis and treatment.