元明中央政府治藏宗教政策不同特点成因探析

A Study on the Causes of Different Characteristics on Religious policy of Yuan and Ming Central Government

西藏自元朝正式纳入中央政府直接管辖后,元明两朝中央政府都十分重视对这一地区的治理,特别在治藏宗教政策上,呈现出既有共性,又个性分明的特点。元朝"独依一派""政教合一"与明朝"多封众建""政教区分"的治藏宗教政策貌似背道而驰,但其结果却是殊途同归,实现了两代中央王朝对西藏地方的有效治理。正所谓"治边先稳藏",虽具体措施、方式有所不同,但却都富有成效性和延续性。

Since Tibet was formally ruled by Yuan Dynasty the Yuan and Ming central governments ata-ched great importance to govern Tibet. Regarding religious policies the Yuan and Ming exhibited bothgeneralities and diffemces. Yuan dynasty insisted Rely on one sect of Tibetan religion and theocracy,however the Ming dynasty adhered to support multi sects and separation of church and state for Tibetanreligion. The two seemingly contrary but both ended up at the same point and that is the two dynasties could effectively governed the Tibetan region. This was a reflection of modem policy of consolidation of Tibet is precondition of stabilizing frontier. Yuan and Ming took different measures and modes,but it hadcontinuity and effectiveness.