交通基础设施建设与本地就业:效应评估及传导机制分析

The Impact Analysisthe Effect of Chinese Urban Transportation Infrastructure to the Employment

文章从交通基础设施建设的视角分析就业的问题,利用我国数据探究交通对各城市二三产业劳动就业所造成的影响。现实中交通建设对于本地经济的拉动作用实际上存在巨大疑问,地区之间发展差距往往由于交通的便捷进一步拉大,发展的非均衡问题被凸显出来,但修路是否能够拉动本地就业水平这一问题之前并没有得到足够的讨论与分析。文章的研究肯定了城市交通基础设施的建设与完善对于本地制造业以及服务业的就业吸纳能力都存在着促进作用,但由于人口外流,经济落后地区受到交通便捷带来的本地就业扩张影响较小。而伴随着经济发展,交通基础设施建设对本地就业的贡献越大,在空间距离上,表现出的特征是靠近北上广等核心城市以及省会城市的地区,由于人口外流成本的降低,交通建设带来的便捷不会对本地就业造成积极影响,而在相对距离居中的地区,其就业受到交通的影响最大。而在远离核心及省会城市的地区,经济的落后,交通的建设也会促使人口大量外流,对于本地就业并无裨益。而在总体上,较之制造业,服务业的就业水平受到的交通影响较为稳定,文章的结论指出需警惕交通建设对欠发达地区经济发展带来的负面影响,对邻近发达地区的中小城市,应加快其劳动力市场制度的建设,推进其公共服务的落实,促进人口合理化的流动以及我国各地区间协调性的城镇化发展。

This article from the perspective of traffic infrastructure construction, analysis the problem of employment,use the data to explore the traffic caused by the secondary and tertiary industry employment in cities, traffic construction for local economic boosting role in reality, in fact, there is a huge question whether development gap between regions is often due to the increasing traffic is convenient, the development of the unbalanced problem was highlighted, but the road will be able to pull the local employment levels before the problem has not been enough discussion and analysis. Research of this paper affirmed the city traffic infrastructure construction and the consummation for local employment absorption capacity of manufacturing and service industries have a role in promoting,but as the population outflow,economic backward area is affected by the local employment expansion convenient transportation with smaller. Traffic infrastructure construction and with the economic development, the greater the contribution to the local employment, on the space distance, showing the characteristics of is close to three core cities and the capital city of the area and so on, because of the cost of the outflow of population decrease, bring the convenience of traffic construction will not have positive impact on local employment, and in the relative distance of the region, the transportation has the greatest impact its employment. In far away from the core and provincial capital areas,economic backwardness,the construction of traffic will also spawned a massive population outflow, no benefits for local employment. But overall, compared with manufacturing, services of relatively stable employment levels affected by traffic, the article conclusion is pointed out that need to be mindful traffic construction for the negative effects of underdeveloped regions in economic development,small and medium-sized cities of developed areas nearby,should speed up its construction of labor market system, promoting its implementation of public service, promote the rationalization of the population flow and interval around the coordination development of urbanization in Chinese.