珠江口海域春季富营养化现状与影响分析

Eutrophication status and the influence of Pearl River Estuary in spring

随着珠江三角洲经济圈的迅速发展,珠江口海域环境污染日趋严重,于2014年春季对珠江口邻近海域进行环境现状调查,并通过因子分析法和聚类分析法就珠江口调查海域管辖城市和邻近区域的环境现状对珠江口海域环境污染的贡献率进行排序和分类.结果表明:珠江口调查海域营养盐污染较为严重,无机氮含量范围为0.213~1.963 mg/dm^3,平均值为0.888 mg/dm^3;活性磷酸盐含量范围为0.009~0.063 mg/dm^3,平均值为0.033 mg/dm^3.无机氮和活性磷酸盐在珠江口上游和中游均超过海水水质第四类标准,珠江口下游无机氮含量符合海水水质第四类标准,活性磷酸盐含量符合海水水质第二类标准.无机氮以硝氮为主,氨氮次之,亚硝氮含量最低.珠江口调查海域DIN/P变化范围为8.5~168.0,平均值为31.8;富营养化指数E变化范围为0.3~45.1,平均值为8.2,富营养化较为严重.来自广州、东莞、佛山、中山的四大口门排入的污染物对珠江口海域环境影响最大,其次是深圳西部海域沿岸和前海湾、深圳湾排入的污染物,最后是珠海、澳门和香港带入的污染物.从珠江口邻近海域环境现状对珠江口海域环境影响进行较为深入地分析和探讨,为珠江口海域环境的治理和修复提供一些意见和建议.

With the rapid development of the Pearl River Delta economic circle,the environmental pollution of the Pearl River Estuary is becoming serious. The environmental status of Pearl River Estuary and adjacent sea areaswas investigated in spring,2014. The contribution rates of the environmental pollution in the Pearl River Estuary in areas of investigated and the cities and regions under jurisdiction were ranked and classified by factor analysis and cluster analysis methods. The results show that nutrient pollution in the Pearl River Estuary sea area is getting worse. The content of inorganic nitrogen ranges from 0. 213 to 1. 963 mg/dm^3,with average of 0. 888 mg/dm^3.The content of labile phosphate ranges from 0. 009 to 0. 063 mg/dm^3,with average of 0. 033 mg/dm^3. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in the upper and middle reaches of the Pearl River Estuary exceeds the fourth class by National Sea Water Quality Standard（ NSWQS）. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen is in line with the fourth class by NSWQS and the concentration of phosphate is in line with the second class by NSWQS in the lower reaches of the Pearl River Estuary. Inorganic nitrogen is mainly nitrate nitrogen,followed by ammonia nitrogen,and the nitrite nitrogen content is the lowest. The variation range of DIN/P is from 8. 5 to 168. 0 in the survey area with average of 31. 8. The variation range of eutrophication index E was from 0. 3 to 45. 1 with average of8. 2,and eutrophication became much serious. The Pearl River Estuary environment was influenced mainly by the pollutants that discharged from the four city outlets of Guangzhou,Dongguan,Foshan and Zhongshan,secondly from the western Shenzhen coast,Shenzhen Bay and Qianhai Bay and finally from Zhuhai,Macao and Hongkong.The influence of adjacent sea area on the Pearl River Estuary environment is analyzed and discussed. Opinions and suggestions are provided for marine environmental amendment and restoration in the Pearl River Estuary.