不同生育期的外源水分补给对旱作马铃薯水分利用效率及产量的影响

Effects on Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Water Supply at Different Growth Stages of Poato in Dry Land

在大田条件下研究了定量灌水对马铃薯产量及水分特性的影响。以水分和品种为影响因素,水分5水平,品种2水平,采用裂区设计,重复3次,以外源水分补给为主区,品种为副区,在马铃薯不同生长时期测定其水分利用效率,并对各小区进行测产。结果表明,外源水分补给能提高旱作马铃薯产量,‘庄薯3号’产量增幅在6.2%~18.6%,苗期外源水分补给产量高于薯块膨大期,苗期外源水分补给50 mm具有超补偿效应,外源水分补给100 mm具有高补偿效应,低量定额外源水分补给有利于水分利用效率的提高,且苗期外源水分补给高于薯块膨大期。‘大西洋’对水分利用效率较高,在薯块膨大期由于降水影响,烂薯的比率增加。马铃薯在苗期灌水,水分利用效率较高,而薯块膨大期水分的需求较敏感,水分过多会造成减产。

The effects of irrigation on yield and water use characteristics of potato under field conditions were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with water irrigation in main plot and variety in subplot and replications were three. The water use efficiency of potato was measured at different growth stages, and the yield of each plot was also recorded. Water supply increased the yield of dry land potato, and 'Zhuangshu 3' increased by 6.2%-18.6% when compared the control. The yield of water supply at seedling stage was higher than that at tuber bulking stage. Water supply of 50 mm at seedling stage had super compensation effect, and 100 mm had high compensation effect. The low amount of water supply was conducive to the improvement of the water use efficiency, and the water supply at seedling stage was better than that at tuber bulking stage. 'Atlantic' had a high water use efficiency.Due to the influence of precipitation during the tuber bulking stage, the ratio of rotten potato increased. Water use efficiency was high at potato seedling irrigation, but the needs of water at tuber bulking stage of potato was more sensitive, and too much water caused a reduction in tuber yield.